This is what a mandate looks like:
Quote:
There were multiple significant elections in Germany in 1932, a pivotal year for the rise of the "MAGA" Party (NSDAP). These included two presidential elections and two Reichstag elections, as Germany was in political and economic turmoil during the Great Depression.
March 13, 1932 (First Round):
- Paul von Hindenburg (incumbent, independent): 49.6%
- Adolf Hitler (NSDAP): 30.1%
- Ernst Thlmann (KPD, Communist Party): 13.2%
- Other candidates split the remaining votes.
Since no candidate achieved a majority, a runoff was held.
- April 10, 1932 (Second Round):
- Hindenburg: 53.0% (reelected)
- Hitler: 36.8%
- Thlmann: 10.2%
Despite losing, Hitler's strong showing demonstrated the growing support for the Nazi Party.
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Reichstag Elections (July and November 1932):
July 31, 1932:
- The NSDAP became the largest party for the first time, winning 37.3% of the vote and securing 230 seats in the Reichstag.
- This was their peak electoral performance in free elections.
November 6, 1932:
- The NSDAP's support dropped slightly to 33.1% (196 seats).
- This decline reflected public dissatisfaction with the party's inability to form a stable government despite their earlier success.
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Key Context:
These elections in 1932 reflected Germany's deep political fragmentation. No single party could form a majority government, leading to frequent elections and political instability. The Nazis leveraged this chaos, along with economic despair and effective propaganda, to position themselves as a dominant force, ultimately culminating in Hitler's appointment as Chancellor in January 1933.
August 1934 Referendum:
This referendum occurred after President Paul von Hindenburg's death, to consolidate Hitler's positions of Chancellor and President into "Fhrer and Reich Chancellor."
Official results reported that 89.9% of voters approved the measure.
However, these results are widely regarded as manipulated due to propaganda, voter intimidation, and suppression of dissent.
These events reflect how the Nazis initially gained power through legal processes, later solidifying their control through coercion and authoritarian measures.