Ukrainian MiG-29 and Su-27 fighters on one of the roads used as an airport.
— Spriter (@Spriter99880) April 10, 2023
Date and location unknown pic.twitter.com/kcJMymdKus
Most Russian fighter jets have been built with that functionality, the ability to take off from short, rough strips, with their sturdy landing gear and dorsal air intakes activated during take offs and landings, as well they also have lower-maintenance and servicing needs. Sweden has had the same philosophy for its Saab jets, because they anticipate that most of their runways would be taken out early on in a wartime situation.
F16s or F15s need much longer concrete runways. F16s in particular need very clean runways because their large ventral intake is very close to the ground and would suck in pebbles or other objects that would ruin its engine.
The footage above was from earlier this winter, Ukraine still has a handful of these jets furnished by Poland playing hide and seek, though their lifetime is pretty short due to the fact that their radars are outdated and are no match for newer Sukhois and Migs with R37M beyond visual range missiles capable of downing an opponent from over 300km away. A Mig-31 or Su-57 flying over SF could take out a jet over San Luis Obispo.
One wildcard for Ukraine that I haven't heard mentioned could be F-35Bs, version with vertical take off and landing. It would still be fairly vulnerable on the ground as the range of VTOL is limited, but at least it might last longer in flight due to its stealth. I think NATO might be reluctant to use them because if they get shot down too easily due to advanced Russian radar capabilities, it would destroy the brand, which cost $1.6 trillion to built (could be the most expensive weapon program in history).