NATO could have chosen to keep applying the Minsk II Agreement, which was the good work of Angela Merkel and former French president Hollande in 2014, preserving peace in the Donbass and Ukraine. Instead, Ukraine was armed to the teeth and used as a bulwark to weaken Russia in the
Great Game, destroying that country in the process. Ukraine has increased its repression of rebel territories in the east, killing 11,000 civilian Russophones in 8 years of civil war between the Ukrainian regular army and rebels from the Donbass, most of whom were UA who switched sides, forming the LPR and DPR armies.
(If you don`t know what the Great Game is, aren't familiar with
Brzezinski's work or
Mackinder, you will be poorly equipped to understand the current geopolitics and history of the region.)
Ukraine would have, at several stages of this war, accepted a settlement with the rebel provinces and Russia, and this war could have been averted, or ended after the Istanbul talks last April, without the intervention of NATO warmongers like Boris Johnson.
So now that NATO is all in, there are three possible outcomes:
1- Russia wins, conquers/annexes "Novorossiya", Russian-speaking 35%-40% of southern and eastern Ukraine, forces Ukraine into a settlement. Parts of western Ukraine are absorbed into Poland and Hungary.
Another 250,000+ dead
~65% chance of this outcome happening
2- Stalemate along roughly the current borders, both sides nearly exhausted in a WW1-like artillery war.
another 250,000-500,000 dead, on top of the current 250,000+
~30% probablity
3-Ukraine wins back Kherson, attacks Crimea.
World War III starts; 500,000 - 100,000,000 dead, depending on escalation dynamics
5% probability
This is what we're looking at.
The "Putin is a Bad Hombre" school of geopolitics advocating continued warfare and military escalation has been in charge of US/NATO policy, which will lead to one of the three outcomes above by the end of next year.